Category: playing style

  • Sunu Jams, and other exercises for handing and timing

    Sunu Jams, and other exercises for handing and timing

    Do you know the feeling of a rhythm that knows you so well it always shows itself when you sit down to play? So you can’t shake it, as if it doesn’t want to let you go. You might call it your song. At least until the next one comes along.

    Lately (like, the last ten years) I’ve been obsessed with a kind of Sunu groove, which I feel is the core of Sunu, the opening g – P T in 4/4, and so many variations thereof. Also what attracts me to the Sunu feel is its flexiblity to become triplets, or 6/8 meter, interchangeably with the 4/4, simply by an adjustment of timing between the notes, sometimes obvious and abrupt, sometimes nuanced, imperceptible.

    So often what starts out as a straight Sunu soon morphs into a Lafe, or Aconcon, with a doubled tone to start. Or, what starts that way veers into Sunu before long, then into triplets and back again. (See the YouTube video I recorded from such a jam, with some patterns as indicated below).

    Here are some of the patterns that turn up in such a solo practice jam, with many more variations just by mixing and matching the half bar patterns. Note that a switch of handing sometimes makes sense when lining up with triplets.

    Note that in many of the above patterns, the key is to keep alternating right and left handing through the sequence of notes. That way the timing can be squeezed or stretched wherever you like, for additional variations whether sticking with 4/4, or giving a triplet twist.

    Happy drumming!
    —Nowick Gray

    YouTube video: Lafe/Sunu practice jam: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KXJbDQl187c

    For more exercises and studies in djemberhythms, see the Roots Jam books available at DjembeRhythms.com (PDF and audio) or Amazon (PDF or print).

  • Latin Meets African

    Latin Meets African

    At a weekly market in San Pancho, Mexico (a small town up the coast from Puerto Vallarta), a musical trio called Caravan provided the live entertainment for the day. A talented flamenco-style guitarist, a versatile female singer, and a conga player. The drummer had an improvised kit of sorts, as he sat on a cajon, with one foot operating a cowbell pedal, and the other a pedal for cymbal. But for the most part he stuck to a simple tumbao pattern on the single conga:

    H t g d H t P t

    I have long known of this rhythm as a staple of the Afro-Latin genre, but never noticed it being relied on for virtually a whole set of diverse popular, classical, and Latin-style songs.

    The repetitive nature of this particular rhythm reminded me of another concert I witnessed in Victoria, BC about twenty years ago. Juno Award-winner Alpha Yaya Diallo (on guitar and vocals) fronted a band featuring a talented djembe player, likely also from Guinea, who occasionally was set loose to show his chops. But for 90 percent of the show, I was amazed to see him confined to the same simple accompaniment rhythm, which any beginning djembe player will recognize as the basic part for Kuku:

    G – g d – – P –

    I was struck by the similarly confined role of both of these talented drummers separated by time, geography and culture, given the emphasis of the music they were supporting. And now for the first time I realized the universality of the rhythm they both played, as the tumbao and the Kuku part are essentially the same archetypal rhythm.

    Both start grounded with the bass downbeat on the 1, follow with a double tone upbeat, an understated downbeat on the 2, and a final upbeat slap.

     

    It’s a proven formula, suitable for virtually any 4/4 song, to provide both a stable downbeat structure and an uplifting offbeat counterpoint. The unstressed extra notes on conga (unbolded, below) serve only as timekeepers.

    To explore further the many overlaps between traditional African and Afro-Latin rhythms, choose from any books in the Roots Jam series. And let me know what other lookalikes you discover! 

  • How We Practice

    How We Practice

    Last spring, after a couple of years off from playing West African music, the local dance teacher reached out to see if we could start some regular practice on traditional dundun rhythms.

    Yes!

    So we began, with a few others trying out until we settled on a core study group of four to six players. The dance teacher has learned some of the rhythms before and knows what she likes from dance classes; otherwise it mainly falls to me to share parts from my store of resources and experience.

    As with drum students everywhere, the written notation works for some and not for others. I bring notes to rely on and support my porous memory, so at least I can model all the parts accurately for others to learn. For those students who relate to it, the notation serves both to follow along closely when learning beat by beat, and to reference visually the single or multiple bars of a pattern.

    We usually have three separate dunun players (traditional style with bells), and once they get rolling, I practice djembe parts, traditional solos, breaks, and improvisation. With the following notation you can share what we’ve been grooving with. All the rhythms have traditional sources, but at this stage they are mixed and mingled, adapted to our circumstance and taste.

    Pro Tip: Lately there’s so much good stuff to choose from (beyond the projects of Bolokondo and Dunungbe), so for the next rhythm to practice, we pick from a hat.


    For written notation and audio tracks for your solo and group practice, see the Roots Jam collection (4 volumes to choose from) at Amazon.com or the DjembeRhythms.com order page.

  • Performance Debrief

    Performance Debrief

    Last weekend I had the opportunity to play in two drum groups for a young friend’s going-away party at a community hall. Our fledgling West African drumming practice group got invited to kick off the festivities, followed later by the established batucada group, Samba du Soleil. The former group consisted of three dundun players and me on djembe, while the samba group had nine members playing a full complement of Brazilian instruments, and a well-rehearsed arrangement of five pieces.

    The first set was hampered by our sangban player missing from sickness, replaced on the spot by a talented transplant from the samba group. It was going to be informal anyway, layering in part by part until the dun parts meshed, then adding in traditional and original djembe solos.

    After Soko, I said to the crowd of twenty-some twenty-somethings, who had been merrily gyring around the floor, that our music was “not intended to be a flashy performance, but just to groove… which you’ve been doing anyway, so, let’s keep doing that.”

    What I should have said, would be to introduce the music and say we were a practice group, joined by a sangban player who was taking on these rhythms for the first time. Layering in worked well to establish the groove, but then I went right into the sequence of traditional solos, as if there were some invisible West African dance class in the room instead of the gyring hippies who just wanted to flow and connect with the music.

    Some of the solos went smoothly, some a little rough, and I relished as always the tapestry of variations, largely from my overdriving mental catalogue of schematic notation, with maybe ten percent of free soloing, usually riffing off fragments or mistakes from the traditional solo phrases.

    What I should have done was to honor my intention to connect with and play from the groove, to the audience in that room, from the heart of the music rather than from my extensive ethnographic program. I realized this oversight in my bodily sense while walking, the next day, each step marking the cadence with the beats still tracking in my brain and infusing the blood… Coming from that place of organic motion, those fragments could spring more organically from the music, connecting also with the vibe of the dancers.

    Learning from the experience, I could use these tools in future to enhance local community, rather than to project as if on a screen the flavors of an imported culture. Likewise, in preparation for such an event, it could be more productive to visualize a holistic experience with the audience and the venue, instead of simply practicing and memorizing the notation and handing of the rhythms themselves.

    Bottom line, it’s not about the rhythms for their own sake, but about the interactive experience that the rhythms are tools for unlocking. And even just in terms of the music itself, the point is not to try to recreate “traditional” solos faithfully (ultimately an impossible task, especially for a person not of that tradition), but rather to use them as guideposts to the territory, leading to and from the heart of the music: the pulse and the texture created by the duns.

    In addition, we had a shaker and percussion player from the samba band standing by trying more or less successfully to follow and fit in, along with a stray djembe volunteer from the audience. Instead of making an effort to help them follow the pulse and engage them in the group, I largely ignored them because they were late additions to the mix and I was, again, too fixated on my own program of solo sequencing.

    Thankfully, the samba performance later was more satisfying. Though I was entrusted with leading the arrangements, my own part as a timbau player was integral more than prominent, even when I carried off competently a sixteen-bar set solo during Samba Reggae. The overall mix was balanced and dynamic, feeding and feeding off the room’s enthusiastic dance energy.

    So, the point of this exercise isn’t to tear myself down or build myself up, but just to share some useful debriefing of how things can go during performance, and how they might improve.

    I hope you find this mini-lesson helpful for your next show!


    For more tips, lessons, and rhythms for West African and Brazilian drumming, see Roots Jam 4: World Beats.

  • How to Get Into a Jam

    How to Get Into a Jam

    The following excerpt from Flutes Jam: A Guide to Improvisation addresses issues that apply to group music in any context, whether playing a drum or flute or other instrument. It could apply as well to the daily performance (or jam) we call life.

    How to Get into a Jam: Four Stages of Personal Evolution

    1. Unconscious self-absorption

    Not listening, not paying attention to others or the wider music. Maybe focused on the instrument, the melody, the rhythm, but in solo bubble: inspired by some private muse, but unaware. Or simply daydreaming, fantasizing, worrying, thinking… buffered from the living organism of the jam.

    1. Hyperconscious self-absorption

    “When you’re nervous it’s because you think everyone’s looking at you and the first thing to realize is they’re not. It’s just a big ego trip. Plus, when you’re feeling like that, all the energy is coming in toward you. You’re making it happen that way. The thing to do is turn it around and send the energy out. To be giving energy to what’s happening. Like Olatunji says, Service.” —Friday Night Jam

    1. Global awareness, energy of all, witness, transparent eyeball

    Present in the space: listening. Harmonizing, gelling in time, joining the flow. Holding steady, with wide-lens focus, soft gaze. Attention to breath, posture, pace, dynamic. Blending in. Ready to shift, when the moment is ripe.

    1. Spiritual warrior, intuitive jazz, heart-centered

    Effortless mastery, without thought. Flying above, or rooting below. One with the organism, the living machine; breathing and dancing together. “Right action, without attachment to the fruits of action.”


    We don’t always achieve or embody mastery but we can always be mindful, or remind ourselves, that there is more to be gained by deepening and opening our awareness. For more insights into the art of improvisation, with practical tips and visual learning aids for solo practice and group creation, see the newly released Flutes Jam: A Guide to Improvisation

    “An intricate and in-depth presentation of a world of musical styles and genres. The book’s approach to the learning process opens the doors to infinite possibilities of improvisation—the intuitive aspect of music playing, too often overlooked in academia.” —E. Nep

  • Samba du Soleil

    Samba du Soleil

    Samba du Soleil, based on Salt Spring Island, BC, has been playing Brazilian batucada music–arranged by Sam Miller and inspired from Brazilian master Celso Machado–for almost twenty years now. Personnel changes and musical variations continue, but the band plays on with ever zestful flavors of Carnival.

    The Samba du Soleil set list is featured in the latest Roots Jam 4: World Beats compilation.

    Watch video footage from our latest event, a fundraiser for the Amazon: 

     

     

     

     

    Hear audio samples from a recent rehearsal (sorry garage-quality audio!)

    And finally, some photos from gigs over the past year (2019):

    Visit the Samba du Soleil Facebook group for more photos and videos.

    Access the full Samba du Soleil Set List:

    –chapter in Roots Jam 4: World Beats – Rhythms Wild!

    –conventional music notation (partial set) at Musescore

  • How to Play Ballet Style Dununs

    How to Play Ballet Style Dununs

    How to Play Ballet Style Dununs

    Playing dununs in the old village style–the traditional setup with bells on top of each drum, one drummer each–is great if you have enough skilled players for each of the three drums: dununba, sangban, and kenkeni. But often only one competent drummer is available to play duns, so the solution is to play all three, upright, as shown in the photo on the left.

    This upright, tandem setup is called ballet style, since it reflects the change when West African drumming moved from the village to the stages of Conakry, Europe, and beyond. I have just started releasing a new series of free videos on YouTube to show you how to play some of the most popular dance rhythms on the ballet style duns. A few years of experience playing these rhythms at the Little Beach Maui drum jams on Sundays has served as a testing ground to learn and select the best of these patterns for you to use in your own locale… or at Little Beach!

    Here is the playlist at YouTube.
    The first three of these free videos are:

    IntroductionKakilambeKassa

  • Music = Routine + Life

    Music = Routine + Life

    I have measured out my life with coffee spoons.
    — T. S. Eliot, “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”

    I went to play music with a friend, and when he showed up he said there had been some upset in his family: his young son having a meltdown after a disruption in his routine. I said I could identify. Life seems most comfortable for me (a Cancer, if you follow astrology) when there’s a predictable routine: free of appointments, road trips, random visits, deadlines. I like a lifestyle with creative space, to write, play music, walk, dream.

    Of course there is work, too: and though jobs come in random intervals in my freelance editing business, a current job becomes part of the day’s routine. There are smaller routines that pad life’s comfort zone, too: morning meditation and yoga, making coffee the same way, the same daily beach walk, practicing rhythms and melody modes.

    Yesterday on a hike my girlfriend slipped on the trail and turned her ankle, causing a nasty sprain. Now she had to miss the first day of work in five years. We slept in, watched the first sunny clear day in a month shine through the stained glass bird wings, and planned a winter trip to Guatemala.

    “The faeries must have put a stone under my shoe,” she said.

    I dropped off the spare key at her place of work and nearly swerved into a boy on a bike in the wrong lane, at the ferry lineup. There must have been some good faeries around there, too, taking care of the karma of the stone. But that’s another story.

    The point is, Life happens. The “good” and the “bad”… It’s always the unexpected, to come knocking on the door (or sometimes knocking down the door if you don’t answer) of that limited box of expectations known as routine. In the jam, I learned the only useful expectation is to expect moments of sheer joy in collective inspired flight, or resonance in the one groove.

    Music in its essence is the same as life in general: a collaboration between routine and novelty. Routine or structure (whether rhythmic or melodic/harmonic) forms the foundation of the music, supporting variation and exploration like a springboard. Some variations can be built in, too, adding more complexity to the consistent flow of the music. Then there is improvisation, which dances more freely along with its predictable partner, the structure. Even the wild flights of fancy, though, do best to keep earth in sight, or serve as figures to the ground. Musical life happens around the beat and the melodic core.

    At a micro level there is another place that life’s freshness can enter a music that is grounded in structure. And that is through feeling. Music can exist and be played in two dimensions, reflecting its map that represents the timing and notes of the piece. But the map is not the territory. And playing perfectly like a digital robot will not produce living music.

    Feeling is what keeps the clave vibrant and alive: regular but not metronomic to the nth degree. Feeling is what turns 4/4 into swing, that indefinable fullness of the body sense in the equation. Feeling is what inspires the heart and soul in Indian music, with its vocal and flute notes bending so artfully. My flute teacher’s Indian master advised him in his practice, above all, to “Make it beautiful.”

    I suppose that is the lesson, too, of how to live with the disruption of routine. Tonight I have a band rehearsal. Tomorrow morning at eight my car has an appointment for a wheel alignment. Wednesday is fitness class. So, on it goes… summer has gone. New jobs to take on, more trip planning to do, the next health issue to arise. Visitors to entertain. Good! I remember to breathe, and get ready for the jam.

    The next level of introducing the life factor has to do with self-development and self-expression. “Know thyself”— as a musician, that means playing within your limitations. Yet, as an evolving being, exploring the freedom to be who you might be tomorrow or in the next moment, you have a potential expression that only needs permission to put its foot on the stage. Even if sometimes the foot goes in the mouth instead. In this case discernment too comes with practice: know what venue allows what expectations and duties, and what venue offers safety and permission to explore.

    Again, in the moment the micro evolution takes place: the impulse and capacity to carry the tempo a little more intensely, and to find a relaxation within that new territory; finding the surprise of a bended note leading the way into a different color scheme altogether. Here we grow: at this edge we meet life headlong, in the moment, and we can choose to play it safe or not; and beyond that place, we can even let go of choice and just let the music (and life) take over for a while.

    Enjoy the ride. You can help make it beautiful.